Mitigation Essays - Environmental Economics,

Mitigation Mitigation measures for all culturally significant locations found during an archaeological survey along the thirty-mile long proposed gas pipeline project in portions of Cleveland and McClain Counties in central Oklahoma should consider the degree of the impact, such as, no adverse affect, an adverse effect, or no effect. Other consideration, when considering mitigation techniques is how significant is the impact. Early notification of the State historic preservation officers is also important when determining historical site information and mitigation considerations. 1.Mitigation plans for location A (5 miles east of the westernmost point of the pipeline), which is already included in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) would consist of the following; alternate routes that would avoid the NRHP site completely, down scaling the proposed project size, or possibly abandoning the pipeline project completely. All these proposed mitigation techniques could be used which would spare the NRHP site any adverse effects. If the pipeline project must continue along the proposed route, alternative mitigation options could be used. Possibly repairing, rehabilitating or even restoring the site where any damage has occurred during the construction phase of the pipeline. If these mitigation would not be acceptable, then relocation of the site and the salvage of all sites' material if the site location had to be destroyed during construction. 2.Location B and C (8 miles and 9 miles, respectively, east of the westernmost point of the pipeline), were found eligible for NRHP protection. Mitigation measures at both location B and C would be the same as location A, since properties eligible for inclusions are covered under section 106 of The National Historic Preservation Act which is the same as properties already listed in the NRHP. 3.At location D (14 miles east of the westernmost point of the pipeline), an old building used as a farm house by early settler (about 100 years ago) in Cleveland county was found not eligible for the NRHP. Even thought the farmhouse was not eligible for the NRHP this does not necessarily mean that the farmhouse does not have historical value to the Locals. Consideration of Local concerns should be addressed when considering destruction of the farmhouse and possible mitigation measures. Other considerations include possible future eligibility to the NRHP, since the farmhouse is 100 years old. Possible mitigation measure could include relocation of the farmhouse or event an alternate route for the pipeline. Finally it may be necessary to demolish the farmhouse in the interest of the gas pipeline project. 4.At location E (23 miles east of the westernmost point of the pipeline) several grave sites were found: which are thought to be a part of a larger Indian burial ground. This location and all associated items would be protected by The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. Mitigation recommendation for this site would be not to disturb the graves by rerouting the pipeline, or canceling the pipeline project. Disruption of the Indian burial ground as a mitigation alternative would be unlikely. Prearranged plans should be made for any additional historic properties found during the construction phase of the thirty-mile long pipeline. The plans should be included in any documentation during the assessment and consultation steps of the Section 106 process. It may be necessary to develop agreements or Memoranda of Understanding with the state and local archaeological agencies just in case a site is discovered during the construction phase. Care should be taken not to divulge any information to the public until the historical site is protected from thieves and from people that could damage the site.

Networking and Telecommunication Management essays

Networking and Telecommunication Management essays Networking and Telecommunication Management The AT. The above incidents are described in Bruce Sterlings book The Hacker Crackdown, Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier, copyrighted in 1992. Bruce Sterling authored this book which seeks to explain the people of cyberspace. Bruce Sterling digs into the bizarre world of electronic communications. The world of electronic communication or cyberspace has no physical location, because it exists only in the network. Cyberspace is not normal space; it is the space on your computers. Mr. Sterling writes about electronic communication in the early 90s between computers and telephone lines. The space that Mr. Sterling speaks of is about 130 years old. The current cyberspace is where a telephone conversation occurs. You may think you are conversing into a phone line, the device in your hand against your ear. No, not really, but its the place between the phones, yes, the indefinite space out there. Sterling attempts to inform, compel and appall his readers, the hackers, law officers and civil libertarians. In the 1990, a nationwide legal battle took place against computer hackers, yes criminal charges all across the United States. The Secret Service, telephone company security and state and local law enforcement agencies across the country joined to bring down the U. S. underground electronic coup. While the underground and legal computer community fought strongly against the same agencies who threaten their electronic civil liberties. Mr....

When to Use GET and POST in Ajax

When to Use GET and POST in Ajax When you use Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) to access the server without reloading the web page, you have two choices on how to pass the information for the request to the server: GET or POST. These are the same two options that you have when passing requests to the server to load a new page, but with two differences. The first is that you are only requesting a small piece of information instead of an entire web page. The second and most noticeable difference is that since the Ajax request doesnt appear in the address bar, your visitors wont notice a difference when the request is made. Calls made using GET will not expose the fields and their values anywhere that using POST does not also expose when the call is made from Ajax. What You Should Not Do So, how should we make the choice as to which of these two alternatives should be used? A mistake that some beginners might make is to use GET for most of their calls simply because it is the easier of the two to code. The most noticeable difference between GET and POST calls in Ajax is that GET calls still have the same limit on the amount of data that can be passed as when requesting a new page load. The only difference is that because youre only processing a small amount of data with an Ajax request (or at least thats how you should use it), you are far less likely to run into this length limit from within Ajax like you would with loading a complete web page. A beginner may reserve using POST requests for the few instances where they do need to pass more information that the GET method allows. The best solution when you have lots of data to pass like that is to make multiple Ajax calls passing a few pieces of information at a time. If you are going to pass huge amounts of data all in the one Ajax call, you would probably be better off simply reloading the entire page since there will be no significant difference in the processing time when huge amounts of data are involved. So, if the amount of data to be passed isnt a good reason for choosing between GET and POST, then what should we use to decide? These two methods were in fact set up for entirely different purposes, and the differences between how they work are in part due to the difference in what they are intended to be used for. This not only applies to using GET and POST from Ajax but really anywhere these methods might be employed. The Purpose of GET and POST GET is used as the name implies: to get information. its intended to be used when you are reading information. Browsers will cache the result from a GET request and if the same GET request is made again, they will display the cached result rather than re-running the entire request. This is not a flaw in the browser processing; its deliberately designed to work that way so as to make GET calls more efficient. A GET call is just retrieving the information; its not meant to change any information on the server, which is why requesting the data again should return the same results. The POST method is for posting or updating information on the server. This type of call is expected to change the data, which is why the results returned from two identical POST calls may very well be completely different from one another. The initial values before the second POST call will be different from the values before the first because the initial call will have updated at least some of those values. A POST call will therefore always obtain the response from the server rather than keep a cached copy of the prior response. How to Choose GET or POST Instead of choosing between GET and POST based on the amount of data you are passing in your Ajax call, you should choose based on what the Ajax call is actually doing. If the call is to retrieve data from the server, then use GET. If the value to be retrieved is expected to vary over time as a result of other processes updating it, add a current time parameter to what you are passing in your GET call so that the later calls will not use an earlier cached copy of the result that is no longer correct. Use POST if your call is going to write any data at all to the server. In fact, you should not only use this criterion for selecting between GET and POST for your Ajax calls but also for when selecting which should be used for processing forms on your web page.

Research paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research paper - Case Study Example For each of these diseases a physical examination will have to be done to achieve a proper diagnosis of each. A 16-year-old female (Jesse) presented with her mother (Mrs. B.) at the doctor’s office. Jesse states that the following subjective symptoms that she is experiencing included feeling extremely tired and fatigued, lack of appetite. In fact, she appears to have ‘tomato red cheeks’ as if someone slapped her. She also states that she has had a fever for the past 24 hours. According to the Mrs. B, she gave her daughter Tylenol for the fever, and noted that it was effective for a short period. She also revealed that they had just moved to California three months ago. Moreover, the patient had recently begun working as a teacher’s helper in a preschool. At the school a number of students had not reported to school due to a rash outbreak. In addition, Jesse also revealed that she had her period (menses) one week ago. Her mother asks a question about her own health for she happens to be five months pregnant. The three differential diagnoses that this patient could be suffering from are Mononucleosis, Fifth Disease, and Kawasaki’s Disease. This 16 year old female is exhibiting prodromal symptoms (symptoms that occur before the actual onset of the disease) of these three diseases. Three Differential Diagnoses for this Patient Diagnosis- Characterized by malaise, anorexia, chills and fever which is a prodromal symptom, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. Occasionally, the disorder comes on abruptly with high fever. Seek help when severe pharyngitis lasts for five to seven days. Only 90% of patients suffer from lymphadenopathy even though the patient shows no signs at this moment. Rashes that appear look like Rubella when it may appear. Although the disease is common with teenagers it also affects the elderly and the symptoms and management are the same. Screening- Most

Medieval history significance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medieval history significance - Essay Example By the start of the eleventh century most of Europe was christianized, and the earlier period of Viking invasions and barbarian ransacking of Christian communities had ceased. Religion was an increasingly a key factor in the middle of the medieval age, and it affected daily life by providing stability, education and a cultural framework which covered almost the whole of the territory which had been claimed by Charlemagne in the ninth century. In 1056 religious unity was broken by a split between the Western and Eastern areas of Christendom and this resulted in the two separate Church traditions which we still have today: The Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches. The Norman conquest brought French ways and culture to England after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. William the Conqueror decided to have a survey made of England, and this resulted in the Doomsday Book of 1086. This event was important because it provided a unique record into the lives of everyday people in medi eval England.

Job Discrimination Essay -- Discrimination is Wrong

In some way or another we have all experienced discrimination not only through race but also sex, a disability, religion and so on. How can we determine if discrimination is right in areas other than race? If we define discrimination from the Webster’s dictionary it can be the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person belongs. In my opinion I would simply say that â€Å"you can’t judge a book by its cover† and that is what we tend to do when we face discrimination. The Federal Equal Opportunity Laws are the enforcers of such discriminations people face on a daily job. Whenever employees encounter a problem with discrimination the EEO laws are their as protection for their rights in the workplace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Laws are like the book of psalms in your bible, daily laws to live by. Under the title VII, the ADA, and the ADEA, it is illegal to participate in any discrimination when dealing with employment. For instance, hiring and firing, recruitment, testing and transfer, promotion, lay off, or recall. Which employers are responsible for making employees aware of the rights under the EEOC? Under the title VII it explains that it is not only intentional discrimination, but also discrimination against color, sex, religion, race, and national origin. When describing National Origin Discrimination it is discriminating against people because of their ancestry, birthplace and culture. National origin an employer has the right to request proper form of Identification or something that let’s them know that they are legal citizens; and this is supported by the IRCA. Dealing with Religious Accommodation discrimination that the employer has the right to ask his boss for permission to accommodate his religious belief. For instance, if the employee is practicing the Muslim religion, and he is required to pray in certain areas at certain times, he needs to make sure that when he practices his daily religious belief that it does not affect other employees. Sex discrimination would fall under title VII, which can range from sexual harassment can stem from sexual favors from the same or opposite sex. For pregnant women they should be treated the same way any ill person would be treated. Next, Age Discriminati... ...specific agent the â€Å"Fair Employment Practices Agencies (FEPAs) they make sure that the party that is being charged is under both federal and state law. Once the charge has been filed they contact the employer and there are several ways they can go about the incident. For instance, interviews, review documents, and maybe visit the incident where it happened. In these cases mentioned above when discrimination is present these are things that may occur: back pay, hiring, promotion, reinstatement, front pay and reasonable accommodation; it may also include attorneys’ fees, and court costs. As I researched this topic, I read a passage in the book Sex Discrimination in the legal Profession, that women in the early 1980’s and 1990’s who were lawyers were getting paid less than a man in the same profession; yes female lawyers are among the most highly educated women on earth now is that equal. Well I think by now we should know whether this topic is a federal or state law? Yes it is a federal law. In order for job discrimination to decrease we must learn how to treat people equal regardless of the color of their skin or their race, or any other discrimination we face in day-to-day life.

Disciplinary Process †Case Study Essay

No written warnings in Sam’s personal employee files. There were no formal notes kept in Sam’s file in regards to performance reviews. No disciplinary meetings or hearings prior to Sam’s dismissal Nil documented timelines for reviews of Sam’s improvement or progress. No performance reviews or development plans presented by employer. Sam was dismissed from employment as there was a claim Sam had struck her manager. No investigation into Sam striking Manager – Nil Evidence. Sam should have had formal meetings discussing her poor performances. None noted in her files. Coaching and Mentoring should have been offered and a time line drawn up and put into place. The manager should have notified Supervisor immediately after the alleged physical abuse. The organisation should have kept copies of Sam’s Medical certificates. B, WHAT THE ORGANISATION SHOULD HAVE BEEN DOING FOR IT TO HAVE SUCCESSFULLY DEFENDED ITS POSITION AGAINST SAM’S CLAIM OF UNFAIR DISMISSAL. Kept formal notes in Sam’s file about formal performance reviews and meetings that have taken place. Sam should have had written/formal warnings that have been issue to her. Sam should have had meetings with Human Resource Managers for performance improvement. Including evidence of training coaching or mentoring. Follow up reviews regarding training etc. The manager that claimed Sam had hit her should have filed a report with supervisor, not waiting until Sam had called in sick before reporting the matter. This claim should have been fully investigated by the organisation and the outcome documented. 3 WHAT WOULD HAVE BEEN THE CORRECT WAY TO TERMINATE SAM IN ACCORDANCE WITH LEGAL AND ORGANISATIONAL REQUIREMENTS? To give employees 3 written formal warnings to improve performance. For employee to have received reasonable time and support to improve performance. After the alleged attack on manager from same, a full investigation taken place. If evidence is clear of a crime, the investigation should be handed over to the police. In section 17 of the Fair Trading Work Act – The organisation is required to provide an employee a notice of termination in writing. In Sam’s case, In order to terminate correctly, all processes including non-performances through to support measures and follow up action should have been documented, before termination. RISK ANALYSIS OF THE CASE AND STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE FUTURE RISKS Identified Risk Strategy to Mitigate Risk Employee continually under performing Provide on Job training, coaching and mentoring. Support for underperforming employees with time lines, opportunities for improvement. Written warnings where there is no improvement. Compensation claim through Fair Work Australia successful Performance management, misconduct and dismissal strategies to be implemented and communicated to entire organisation. Follow up on procedures. Employee lodge unfair dismissal claim with Fair Work Australia Ensure organisation has all evidence and documentation required to defend a claim. MISCONDUCT MAY BE DEEMED TO EXIST WHERE An employee has been previously warned about a particular behaviour. That an employee is aware of misconduct. Where an employee has purposely breached guidelines or challenged direct instructions from supervisors. LIST ANY LEGISLATION THAT APPLIES TO THE SITUATION PRESENTED IN CASE STUDY Unfair Dismissal legislation applies to most employees working in paid employment in Australia. In this case, the employee may have physical abused another, and this might come under criminal law as â€Å"assault†. Type Policy’s Procedure Monitoring Regular dates for reviews. To monitor performance, ensuring effectiveness and employees are able to obtain support to achieve performance levels. Upon commencement of employment. The expected performance standards and KPIs are communicated and agreed. Performance reviews 6 monthly Performance review All performance reviews are standard and at regular intervals and all information is documented in employees files. Both employee and supervisor sign review agreement Keep employees files up to date. Performance reviews need to have sign off sheets attached to review notes. For Employees with great responsibilities, management need do follow ups regularly WHAT DOCUMENTS DO WE NEED TO BE DEVELOPED FOR THE ORGANISATION TO EVIDENCE THAT IS HAS IMPLEMENTED A PROCESS TO SUPPORT NON-PERFORMING EMPLOYEES Sign off sheets for the employee and employer to sign after reviews. Note page for recording meeting minutes of performance meetings, where non-performance was identified. A document for recording ‘action plan’ example- what actions are taken to support the employee, this template should also include dates, milestones and deadlines. A template for the issue of warnings and notice of termination. DESCRIPTION OF HOW ALL STEPS OF THE PERFORMANCE REVIEW PROCESS AND DISCIPLINARY HEARING PROCESS SHOULD BE PERFORMED AS PER LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND THE ORGANISATIONAL POLICIES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. What should have been done at each stage? Performance meeting and review should have been held and documented. Review the progress, timelines and support to same in order to assist with performance. Training support and counselling should be offered, provided and documented. A second performance review meeting, at a set date, all documented. If progress not satisfactory, a written warning to be issued. Documented and also a copy of warning letter in file. Further training counselling and support. If after a considerable amount of time there has been no improvement And performance is still unsatisfactory; a notice of termination could have been issued in writing and given to employee. The termination notice must provide notice to employee. WHEN AND WHERE ASSISTANCE FROM HR SPECIALISTS WOULD HAVE BEEN APPROPRIATE. HR should have been notified straight away of Sam’s poor performance. This meeting should have been documented. WHAT SUPPORT SERVICES COULD HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED IN SAM’S CASE? Formal training New mentor or coach Counselling sessions All support should have been documented as evidence that she was given support WHAT DOCUMENTATION WOULD HAVE APPROPRIATE AT EACH STAGE All meetings, training, reviews, coaching and warnings should have been documented.